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The Activity of Cretan Painters in Different Regions
Painters from Crete remained very active in many regions well into the eighteenth century. They did not limit their work to Crete alone but...
Cultural Patrons and Their Influence on Art
When we consider all these social and historical factors, it becomes clear that different social groups acted as important patrons and commissioners of major...
Introduction Common Cultural Ground
In my view, a common cultural ground is a very important reference point for understanding the art of a historical period and for explaining...
The Faithful Christians of Sardis
Although the church in Sardis is strongly criticized in the Book of Revelation, St John makes it clear that not all Christians in the...
Unexcavated Remains of Sardis
A part of ancient Sardis still remains hidden underground. One section of the city has not yet been excavated and lies about two metres...
Croesus and the Persian Threat
In the middle of the sixth century BCE, King Croesus of Lydia became ambitious and greedy for lands beyond the Halys River, known today...
The Nicolaitans and the Defense of Faith
The Christians of Ephesus are praised for the strong opposition they showed toward the Nicolaitans. This group was linked to a man named Nicolas,...
“I Know Your Works” Praise for Faithfulness
The expression “I know your works, your labor, and your endurance” appears at the beginning of each of the letters in the Book of...
The Cayster River and the Fate of Ephesus
The history of Ephesus is closely connected with the Cayster River. From the very beginning, the river was both a blessing and a problem...
Identifying the Gate of Melantiados
There is good reason to believe that the gate known as Porta Melantiados (Πόρτα Μελαντιάδος) or Pyle Melandesia (Πύλη Μελανδεσίας) is the same as...
